1. My articles
2. Switching languages and Language in URL
3. Search and replace
4. Virtualization - Vagrant and Docker - why and how
5. Running Yii project in Vagrant. (Simplified version)
6. Running Yii project in Docker (Update: xDebug added below!)
7. Enabling xDebug in Docker, yii demo application
8. Docker - Custom php.ini
9. How to enter Docker's bash (cli, command line)

My articles ¶

Articles are separated into more files as there is the max lenght for each file on wiki.

• Yii v1 for beginners
• Yii v1 for beginners 2
• Yii v2 snippet guide I
• Yii v2 snippet guide II
• Yii v2 snippet guide III

Switching languages and Language in URL ¶

I already wrote how translations work. Here I will show how language can be switched and saved into the URL. So let's add the language switcher into the main menu:

echo Nav::widget([
 'options' => ['class' => 'navbar-nav navbar-right'],
 'items' => [
  ['label' => 'Language', 'items' => [
    ['label' => 'German' , 'url' => \yii\helpers\Url::current(['sys_lang' => 'de']) ],
    ['label' => 'English', 'url' => \yii\helpers\Url::current(['sys_lang' => 'en']) ],
   ],
  ]

Now we need to process the new GET parameter "sys_lang" and save it to Session in order to keep the new language. Best is to create a BaseController which will be extended by all controllers. Its content looks like this:

<?php
namespace app\controllers;
use yii\web\Controller;
class _BaseController extends Controller {
  public function beforeAction($action) {
    if (isset($_GET['sys_lang'])) {
      switch ($_GET['sys_lang']) {
        case 'de':
          $_SESSION['sys_lang'] = 'de-DE';
          break;
        case 'en':
          $_SESSION['sys_lang'] = 'en-US';
          break;
      }
    }
    if (!isset($_SESSION['sys_lang'])) {
      $_SESSION['sys_lang'] = \Yii::$app->sourceLanguage;
    }
    \Yii::$app->language = $_SESSION['sys_lang'];
    return true;
  }
}

If you want to have the sys_lang in the URL, right behind the domain name, following URL rules can be created in config/web.php:

'components' => [
 // ...
 'urlManager' => [
  'enablePrettyUrl' => true,
  'showScriptName' => false,
  'rules' => [
   // https://www.yiiframework.com/doc/api/2.0/yii-web-urlmanager#$rules-detail
   // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2574181/yii-urlmanager-language-in-url
   // https://www.yiiframework.com/wiki/294/seo-conform-multilingual-urls-language-selector-widget-i18n
   '<sys_lang:[a-z]{2}>' => 'site',
   '<sys_lang:[a-z]{2}>/<controller:\w+>' => '<controller>',
   '<sys_lang:[a-z]{2}>/<controller:\w+>/<action:\w+>' => '<controller>/<action>',
  ],
 ],
],

Now the language-switching links will produce URL like this: http://myweb.com/en/site/index . Without the rules the link would look like this: http://myweb.com/site/index?sys_lang=en . So the rule works in both directions. When URL is parsed and controllers are called, but also when a new URL is created using the URL helper.

Search and replace ¶

I am using Notepad++ for massive changes using Regex. If you press Ctrl+Shift+F you will be able to replace in all files.

Yii::t()

Yii::t('text'  ,  'text'   ) // NO
Yii::t('text','text') // YES

search: Yii::t\('([^']*)'[^']*'([^']*)'[^\)]*\)
replace with: Yii::t\('$1','$2'\)

URLs (in Notepad++)

return $this->redirect('/controller/action')->send(); // NO
return $this->redirect(['controller/action'])->send(); // YES

search: ->redirect\(['][/]([^']*)[']\)
replace: ->redirect\(['$1']\)

====

return $this->redirect('controller/action')->send(); // NO
return $this->redirect(['controller/action'])->send(); // YES

search: ->redirect\((['][^']*['])\)
replace: ->redirect\([$1]\)

PHP short tags

search: (<\?)([^p=]) // <?if ...
replace: $1php $2 // <?php if ...
// note that sometimes <?xml can be found and it is valid, keep it

View usage

search: render(Ajax|Partial)?\s*\(\s*['"]\s*[a-z0-9_\/]*(viewName)

Virtualization - Vagrant and Docker - why and how ¶

Both Vagrant and Docker create a virtual machine using almost any OS or SW configuration you specify, while the source codes are on your local disk so you can easily modify them in your IDE under your OS.

Can be used not only for PHP development, but in any other situation.

What is this good for? ... Your production server runs a particular environment and you want to develop/test on the same system. Plus you dont have to install XAMPP, LAMP or other servers locally. You just start the virtual and its ready. Plus you can share the configuration of the virtual system with other colleagues so you all work on indentical environment. You can also run locally many different OS systems with different PHP versions etc.

Vagrant and Docker work just like composer or NPM. It is a library of available OS images and other SW and you just pick some combination. Whole configuration is defined in one text-file, named Vagrantfile or docker-compose.yml, and all you need is just a few commands to run it. And debugging is no problem.

Running Yii project in Vagrant. (Simplified version) ¶

Info: This chapter works with PHP 7.0 in ScotchBox. If you need PHP 7.4, read next chapter where CognacBox is used (to be added when tested)

Basic overview and Vagrant configuration:

List of all available OS images for Vagrant is here:

• https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search

Both Yii demo-applications already contain the Vagrantfile, but its setup is unclear to me - it is too PRO. So I wanted to publish my simplified version which uses OS image named scotch/box and you can use it also for non-yii PHP projects. (It has some advantages, the disadvantage is older PHP in the free version)

The Vagrantfile is stored in the root-folder of your demo-project. My Vagrantfile contains only following commands.

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
    config.vm.box = "scotch/box"
    config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "11.22.33.44"
    config.vm.hostname = "scotchbox"
    config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/var/www/public", :mount_options => ["dmode=777", "fmode=777"]
    config.vm.provision "shell", path: "./vagrant/vagrant.sh", privileged: false
end

# Virtual machine will be available on IP A.B.C.D (in our case 11.22.33.44, see above)
# Virtual can access your host machine on IP A.B.C.1 (this rule is given by Vagrant)

It requires file vagrant/vagrant.sh, because I wanted to enhance the server a bit. It contains following:

# Composer:
# (In case of composer errors, it can help to delete the vendor-folder and composer.lock file)
cd /var/www/public/
composer install

# You can automatically import your SQL (root/root, dbname scotchbox)
#mysql -u root -proot scotchbox < /var/www/public/vagrant/db.sql

# You can run migrations:
#php /var/www/public/protected/yiic.php migrate --interactive=0

# You can create folder and set 777 rights:
#mkdir /var/www/public/assets
#sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/public/assets

# You can copy a file:
#cp /var/www/public/from.php /var/www/public/to.php

# Installing Xdebug:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php-xdebug

# Configuring Xdebug in php.ini:
# If things do not work, disable your firewall and restart IDE. It might help.
echo "" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
echo "[XDebug]" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
echo "xdebug.remote_enable=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
echo "xdebug.remote_port=9000" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
echo "xdebug.remote_autostart=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
echo "xdebug.remote_log=/var/www/public/xdebug.log" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
echo "xdebug.remote_connect_back=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
echo "xdebug.idekey=netbeans-xdebug" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini

# Important: Make sure that your IDE has identical settings: idekey and remote_port.
# NetBeans: Make sure your project is correctly setup. Right-click the project and select Properties / Run Cofigurations. "Project URL" and "Index file" must have correct values.

# Note:
# Use this if remote_connect_back does not work. 
# IP must correspond to the Vagrantfile, only the last number must be 1
#echo "xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
#echo "xdebug.remote_host=11.22.33.1" | sudo tee -a /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini 

sudo service apache2 restart

... so create both files in your project ...

If you want to manually open php.ini and paste this text, you can copy it from here:

// sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini

[XDebug]
xdebug.remote_enable=1
xdebug.remote_port=9000
xdebug.remote_autostart=1
xdebug.remote_log=/var/www/public/xdebug.log
xdebug.remote_connect_back=1
xdebug.idekey=netbeans-xdebug

// Important: Make sure that your IDE has identical settings: idekey and remote_port.
// NetBeans: Make sure your project is correctly setup. Right-click the project and select Properties / Run Cofigurations. "Project URL" and "Index file" must have correct values.

To debug in PhpStorm check this video.

To connect to MySQL via PhpStorm check this comment by MilanG

Installing and using Vagrant:

First install Vagrant and VirtualBox, please.

Note: Sadly, these days VirtualBox does not work on the ARM-based Macs with the M1 chip. Use Docker in that case.

Important: If command "vagrant ssh" wants a password, enter "vagrant".

• Install Virtual Box, I recommend to install also the "Extension Pack", but is might be done automatically by "scotch/box".
• Install Vagrant ... on Windows restart is needed :-(
• https://www.sitepoint.com/re-introducing-vagrant-right-way-start-php/

Now just open your command line, navigate to your project and you can start:

• "vagrant -v" should show you the version if things work.
• "vagrant init" creates a new project (You won't need it now)
• "vagrant up" runs the Vagrantfile and creates/starts the virtual

Once virtual is running, you can call also these:

• "vagrant ssh" opens Linux shell - use password "vagrant" is you are prompted.
• "vagrant halt" stops the virtual
• "vagrant reload" restarts the virtual and does NOT run config.vm.provision OR STARTS EXISTING VAGRANT VIRTUAL - you do not have to call "vagrant up" whenever you reboot your PC
• "vagrant reload --provision" restarts the virtual and runs config.vm.provision

In the Linux shell you can call any command you want.

• To find what Linux version is installed: "cat /etc/os-release" or "lsb_release -a" or "hostnamectl"
• To get PHP version call: "php -version"
• If you are not allowed to run "mysql -v", you can run "mysql -u {username} -p" .. if you know the login
• Current IP: hostname -I

In "scotch/box" I do not use PhpMyAdmin , but Adminer. It is one simple PHP script and it will run without any installations. Just copy the adminer.php script to your docroot and access it via browser. Use the same login as in configurafion of Yii. Server will be localhost.

Running Yii project in Docker (Update: xDebug added below!) ¶

Note: I am showing the advanced application. Basic application will not be too different I think. Great Docker tutorial is here

Yii projects are already prepared for Docker. To start you only have to install Docker from www.docker.com and you can go on with this manual.

• Download the application template and extract it to any folder
• Open command line and navigate to the project folder
• Run command docker-compose up -d
  • Argument -d will run docker on the background as a service
  • Advantage is that command line will not be blocked - you will be able to call more commands
• Run command init to initialize the application
• You can also call composer install using one of following commands:
  • docker-compose run --rm frontend composer install
  • docker-compose run --rm backend composer install

Note: init and composer can be called locally, not necessarily via Docker. They only add files to your folder.

Now you will be able to open URLs:

• Frontend: http://localhost:20080
• Backend: http://localhost:21080
• ... see docker-compose.yml to understand these port numbers

Open common/config/main-local.php and set following DB connection:

• host=mysql !!
• dbname=yii2advanced
• username=yii2advanced
• password=secret
• Values are taken from docker-compose.yml

Run migrations using one of following commands:

• docker-compose run --rm frontend php yii migrate
• docker-compose run --rm backend php yii migrate

Now go to Frontend and click "signup" in the right upper corner

• This will create a new user and will send an email. It will appear in folder frontend/runtime/mail
• Now you have to activate it. First way is to use the email
  • Open the EML file in frontend/runtime/mail
  • copy whole href which is inside and modify it by changing these substrings: "=3D" "=" "&" "%2F"
  • Original format:
  • http://l=ocalhost:20080/index.php?r=3Dsite/verify-email&token=3D07tYL8tqNjsyr8=eZBoN_mXOgwtq1XqvB_1614901373
  • Desired format:
  • http://localhost:20080/index.php?r=site/verify-email&token=07tYL8tqNjsyr8eZBoN_mXOgwtq1XqvB_1614901373
  • If the link is correct, activation will succeed

Second way is to directly modify table in DB:

• Download adminer - It is a single-file DB client: www.adminer.org/en
• Copy Adminer to frontend\web\adminer.php
• Open Adminer using: http://localhost:20080/adminer.php
• If your DB has no password, adminer fill refuse to work. You would have to "crack" it.
• Use following login and go to DB yii2advanced:
• server=mysql !!
• username=yii2advanced
• password=secret
• Values are taken from docker-compose.yml
• Set status=10 to your first user

Now you have your account and you can log in to Backend

Enabling xDebug in Docker, yii demo application ¶

Just add section environment to docker-compose.yml like this:

services:

  frontend:
    build: frontend
    ports:
      - 20080:80
    volumes:
      # Re-use local composer cache via host-volume
      - ~/.composer-docker/cache:/root/.composer/cache:delegated
      # Mount source-code for development
      - ./:/app
    environment:
      PHP_ENABLE_XDEBUG: 1
      XDEBUG_CONFIG: "client_port=9000 start_with_request=yes idekey=netbeans-xdebug log_level=1 log=/app/xdebug.log discover_client_host=1"
      XDEBUG_MODE: "develop,debug"

This will allow you to see nicely formatted var_dump values and to debug your application in your IDE.

Note: You can/must specify the idekey and client_port based on your IDE settings. Plus your Yii project must be well configured in the IDE as well. In NetBeans make sure that "Project URL" and "index file" are correct in "Properties/Run Configuration" (right click the project)

Note 2: Please keep in mind that xDebug2 and xDebug3 have different settings. Details here.

I spent on this approximately 8 hours. Hopefully someone will enjoy it :-) Sadly, this configuration is not present in docker-compose.yml. It would be soooo handy.

Docker - Custom php.ini ¶

Add into section "volumes" this line:

- ./myphp.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/custom.ini

And create file myphp.ini the root of your Yii application. You can enter for example html_errors=on and html_errors=off to test if the file is loaded. Restart docker and check results using method phpinfo() in a PHP file.

How to enter Docker's bash (cli, command line) ¶

Navigate in command line to the folder of your docker-project and run command:

• docker ps
• This will list all services you defined in docker-compose.yml

The last column of the list is NAMES. Pick one and copy its name. Then run command:

• docker exec -it {NAME} /bin/bash
• ... where {NAME} is your service name. For example:
• docker exec -it yii-advanced_backend_1 /bin/bash

To findout what Linux is used, you can call cat /etc/os-release. (or check the Vagrant chapter for other commands)

If you want to locate the php.ini, type php --ini. Once you find it you can copy it to your yii-folder like this:

cp path/to/php.ini /app/myphp.ini